Reference Library - Peroxide Applications : Municipal Wastewater

ODOR CONTROL CHEMICAL

alternative technology summary

H2O2 vs. Nitrates




H2O2 Nitrates
Description Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a liquid product supplied as a 35% or 50% solution. It is available in containers of 50 or 300 gallons, or in bulk shipments of 500 - 20,000 gallons. Solid peroxide products (sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide) are also available. Nitrate is available as either in either granular or liquid form, and either as a calcium or sodium salt. The granular product comes in 100-lb bags, 2000-lb supersacks, or bulk hopper cars. The solutionized product is the more commonly used form, and is available in bulk shipments of 2,000 - 4,000 gallons.
Control Mechanism(s)
  • Oxidizes H2S
  • Retards septicity (adds dissolved oxygen)
  • Promotes bio-oxidation of organic odors
    		•
  • Retards septicity
  • Promotes bio-oxidation of H2S and organic odors
    • Chemical Reaction(s)
  • Neutral - Acid pH: H2S + H2O2 --> S + 2 H2O
  • Alkali: S2- + 2 O2 ----> SO42-
  • Prevention: 2 H2O2 ----> O2 + 2 H2O
  • Prevention:
    8/5 NO3- ----> 4/5 N2 + [2 O2] (approximate representation)
  • Biomediated Oxidation:
    5 H2S + 8 NO3- ----> 5 SO42- + 4 N2 + 4 H2O + 2 H+
    		•
    Dose Ratios (lbs NO3 per lb-H2S)

    		Neutral - Acid Alkali Prevention
    Theoretical 1.0 4.0 4.0
    Practical 1.2 - 1.5 4.5 - 5.0 2 - 8

    		Prevention Biomediated Oxidation
    Theoretical 3.0 3.0
    Practical 3 - 10 3 - 5
    Applications
  • Gravity mains (< 3-4 hours retention)
  • Force mains (< 1-2 hours retention)
  • Terminus of long retention force mains
  • Treatment plant headworks
  • Solids processing
  • Septage and leachate
  • Odor scrubbers
  • Ponds and lagoons
    		•
  • Force mains
  • Gravity lines
  • Septage and leachate
    • Advantages
  • High selectivity toward H2S
  • Adds dissolved oxygen to retard downstream septicity
  • Produces no harmful by-products
  • Extensive history of use
  • In-line nitrification and BOD reduction possible
  • Simple feed systems
  • Relative low feed rates (small storage tanks)
    		•
  • Simple feed systems
  • Effective for long duration control
  • Non-hazardous material
  • In-line BOD reduction is possible
  • Control to low H2S levels is practical
    • Disadvantages
  • High dosages are needed for control > 2 hours
  • Organic odors require bio-mediated oxidation
  • Reaction may take several minutes (without catalysis)
  • Oxidizer classification may restrict dosing sites
  • Inefficient for gravity lines
  • Resultant N2 gas (or residual NO3) may present problems downstream
  • Costs for prevention mode may be excessive in long retention time lines
  • Biomediated oxidation mode may require several hours
  • Costs for prevention mode impacted by high BOD levels
    • Special Notes Hydrogen peroxide is one of the more rapidly growing alternatives due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Nitrate solution is the only non-hazardous chemical among the commonly used treatment alternatives. The use of nitrates for the removal of odors present at the point of addition (biomediated oxidation mode) may be covered under US Patent by US Filter (Davis Process Industries).


    See how this chemical compares to other chemicals in terms of:

  • Speed of reaction and duration of control
  • Costs
  • Storage hazards


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